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Private Passenger Auto °µÍø½ûÇø Industry Underwriting Expenses, 2015 (1)

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Expense Percent of premiums
Losses And Related Expenses (2)  
Loss and loss adjustment expense (LAE) ratio 79.8%
    Incurred losses 67.5
    Defense and cost containment expenses incurred 2.7
    Adjusting and other expenses incurred 9.6
Operating Expenses (3)  
Expense ratio 24.3%
    Net commissions and brokerage expenses incurred 8.9
    Taxes, licenses and fees 2.1
    Other acquisition and field supervision expenses incurred 7.9
    General expenses incurred 5.3
Dividends To Policyholders (2) 0.5%
Combined Ratio After Dividends (4) 104.6%
(1) After reinsurance transactions. (2) As a percent of net premiums earned ($189.2 billion in 2015). (3) As a percent of net premiums written ($192.8 billion in 2015). (4) Sum of loss and LAE, expense and dividends ratios. Source: NAIC data, sourced from S&P Global Market Intelligence, °µÍø½ûÇø Information Institute.